Ben Franklin :: essays research papers

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a multi-talented person. He was a printer, and inventor, and a writer. As a writer, he wrote many publications entirely among this vast collection was a small piece in which Franklin states his beliefs on what may be the proper task to being morally perfect. His opinions are design yet complete enough to be considered descript enough to follow. His steps are insightful but just as much vague.Temperance Franklin&8217s scratch topic, which may be thought to have Franklin&8217s top choice at a most important step, is Temperance. In his instructions, he states that no at virtuoso time should eat to dullness, nor drink to elevation. This simply means that Franklin reckons it is imperfect to eat to excess or to become intoxicated.Silence This topic is thought to be an important one by many as well as Benjamin because it states that you should &8220speak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversations. Franklins believe that t o be &8220morally perfect erst must not speak unless it is necessary or of importance.Order Here is a step, which must be the reason in which I am doing my homework right now and concentrating on just this. Franklin believes that everything must have it&8217s place, and business must have it&8217s aver time. This being my &8220business it is receiving it&8217s own time.Resolution &8220Decide what you need to do, and do what you say you are going to do. Ben says that you must figure out what it is that you are liable to do, and do it so that you can be considered responsible.Frugality You should be nice to others because it is only going to cause trouble if you are not pleasant to be around. Being nice to others will not only benefit the others but yourself, as well.Industry You must take care of precious time because once a moment has passed, it is lost forever and can never be replayed or relived. Time is valuable so you should not waste it.Sincerity &8220 character not hurtful deceit think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.

Lord of the Flies Essay example -- Lord of the Flies Essays

INTELLIGENCE, CIVILIZATION, AND INSTINCTSOften times, authors use characters in their novels and stories as symbols. The characters may be symbolic of the tangible as well as the non-tangible. In addition, characters can often be looked at with a psychological approach to literature in order to better determine or understand their symbolic significance. In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, special symbolic significance may be set in the characters, Piggy, Ralph, and Jack.Piggy, the heavy, asthmatic, nearsighted boy, was often teased and ridiculed, however Golding made it obvious to the reader that Piggy was indeed the super ego. Piggy symbolizes all the hate and dissimilarity in the world. If it was not for Piggys bizarre appearance, he may have been made ruler of the island, and he certainly was the nigh suited for the job. He also symbolizes intelligence. He was analogous to sanity and reason. Piggys role as a mans reasoning faculties him as a paternity (Rosenfield 264). Pig gy always used ideal judgment and was the islands only adult-like figure. He demonstrated this at a tribal meeting after the boys virtually burned down the islandI got the conch Just you listen The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach. It wasnt half frigidity there in the night but the first time Ralph says fire you goes howling and screaming up this here mountain. Like a pack of kidsBy now they were listening to the tirade.How can you expect to be rescued if you dont put first things first and act proper?He took rancid his glasses and made as if to put down the conch but the sudden motion towards it of most of the older boys changed his mind. He tucked the shell under his arm, and crouched hind end on a rock.Then when you get here you build a bonfire that isnt no use. Now you been and set the whole island on fire. wint we look funny if the whole island burns up? Cooked fruit, thats what well have to eat, and roast pork. And thats nothing to la ugh at You said Ralph was header and you dont give him time to think. Then when he says something you rush off, like, likeHe paused for breath, and the fire growled at them.And thats not all. Them kids. The ... ...he id is also associated with primary human instincts. This further identifies the symbolic significance linked with Jack. After interpreting Lord of the Flies, it is obvious to one that Jack symbolizes natural human instincts.After reading this essay and Goldings novel, one now has a better understanding of the symbolic significance or the characters Piggy, Ralph, and Jack. Piggy, symbolic of intelligence and prejudice, can be most closely compared to a modern-day geek. The geek may not seem to be of importance because of their awkwardness, but may be extremely intelligent. Ralph is the chief, leader, and symbol of civilization. He is the President of United States. He leads the society and governs the people. Finally, Jack, the barbaric hunter who symbolized human in stincts is like the ancient cave man that hunted the wholly mammoth. Both survived alone on instinctive motives. When one understands the symbolic significance in a novel, they are able to better interpret the novel and understand it to a overmuch fuller and broader extent.WORKS CITEDGolding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York Perigee Books, 1954.Rosenfield. Men of a Smaller Growth.

Essay --

The number of obese people in America outweighs the number of people who are merely overweight. 34% of Americans are obese, closely followed by the 32.7% of Americans that are overweight. That is crazy and extremely ridiculous. Consider this, the worst percentage of obesity is 3.2%, three point both present, in both Korea and Japan the next lowest percentage is 7.7 in Switzerland. America has the highest obesity rate in the world, followed by Mexico, the United Kingdom, Canada and Greece. In fact the only English speaking country that is on the lower end of the spectrum is Ireland they have a 13% obesity rate. Experts say that obesity continues to increase due to poor eating habits and not enough exercise. thither are other factors such as stress, not getting enough sleep and sometimes certain medications. Obesity has become more and more public in society, and not just in America. However the number of obese people has more than doubled since 1980. Food seems to be the main cause of obesity, so naturally in order to fix something just remove the root of the problem. People enjoy intellectual nourishment they indulge in it and even gorge upon in to the point that they stuff themselves, full, to the point of bursting. Not literally of course. So the only real way to solve the obesity epidemic is to remove all food sources. Not only is it the root of the problem, besides food of any kind costs m aney and labor. Since America is the most obese country, predictably it would be one of the laziest as well. So why waste time, and money on a substance such as food, that is causing obesity? In order to build up and make food farmers and cooks draw many hours of labor in order to prepare it for people to eat. There is a phrase Lake 2killing two birds with one ... ...e of food food and drink designed for weight loss, for health or religious reasons, or to control or improve a checkup condition. However the definition should read a way for people to make money and become famous, at the expense of obese and overweight people. People spend tones and tones of money on diet programs, books and special food, and it always ends the same, little to no results. As stated before Americans are lazy and it seems impossible to break grim eating. Plus diets are filled with boring and bland food, with restrictions at every corner. Not even the most dedicated person would be able to nog with this type of plan. The people who create the diets and exercise plans have one thing in common, and that is they are setting millions of Americans up for failure. Yes there is the occasional success story, but in all reality it does not happen very often.

Gender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls by Alice Munro Essay

grammatical gender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls Recent history boldly notes the protests and political unrest surrounding the Vietnam contrast during the 1960s and 70s. However, equally important in this era are the women who pushed for gender role reevaluation and publicly rebelled against the established social norm of a womans place. Although Alice Munro whitethorn not have been burning her bra on the courthouse steps, threads of a feminist influence can be found in Boys and Girls. Munros main character, a girl probably modeled after Munros own childhood experiences on an Ontario farm, faces her awakening body and the challenge of develop her social personal identity element in a mans world. The girl, an unnamed character, acts as a universal symbol for the initiation of a girl into womanhood. Through first-person narrative, Munro shoes the girls views of her budding femininity and social identity by describing the girls conceptions of her parents work, h er parallel to the wild mare Flora, and the mysterious alterations (Munro 474) in her personal nightly stories. As if to forsake her femininity and forego a life of lying-in and housework, the girl reveres her fathers work and condemns her m opposites duties. The sum of the girls respect seems to lie with her father, as is evident in her reference to his work outdoors as ritualistically important (468). On the another(prenominal) hand, while the girl recognizes that her mother is busy, she still considers her mothers work in the house to be endless, dreary and peculiarly depressing (468). The division between her parents tasks is especially apparent in the girls reaction to her mothers presence at the barn. She feels threatened by her... ...hether this quantifies complete acceptance with the girl, however, is not solidified by Munro due to the final sentence peradventure it was true (475). Through opinion, comparison, and imagination Munro details the girls jou rney from a rebellious tomboy to a slowly blooming woman. The characteristics so endearing to the girls growing identity, such as her assistance in Floras escape and her unwillingness comment13 to easily submit to the social constraints of life as a woman, also lend themselves to her catholicity as a representative to initiation to femininity. Munros own personal views of femininity arguably color this work, Boys and Girls. Works Cited Munro, Alice. Boys and Girls. The Norton Introduction to Literature. Eds. Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. 6th ed. New York Norton, 1995. 465-75. Gender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls by Alice Munro EssayGender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls Recent history boldly notes the protests and political unrest surrounding the Vietnam passage of arms during the 1960s and 70s. However, equally important in this era are the women who pushed for gender role reevaluation and publicly rebelled against the e stablished social norm of a womans place. Although Alice Munro whitethorn not have been burning her bra on the courthouse steps, threads of a feminist influence can be found in Boys and Girls. Munros main character, a girl probably modeled after Munros own childhood experiences on an Ontario farm, faces her awakening body and the challenge of developing her social identity in a mans world. The girl, an unnamed character, acts as a universal symbol for the initiation of a girl into womanhood. Through first-person narrative, Munro shoes the girls views of her budding femininity and social identity by describing the girls conceptions of her parents work, her parallel to the wild mare Flora, and the mysterious alterations (Munro 474) in her personal nightly stories. As if to forsake her femininity and forego a life of labor and housework, the girl reveres her fathers work and condemns her mothers duties. The sum of the girls respect seems to lie with her father, as is ev ident in her reference to his work outdoors as ritualistically important (468). On the other hand, while the girl recognizes that her mother is busy, she still considers her mothers work in the house to be endless, dreary and peculiarly depressing (468). The division between her parents tasks is especially apparent in the girls reaction to her mothers presence at the barn. She feels threatened by her... ...hether this quantifies complete acceptance with the girl, however, is not solidified by Munro due to the final sentence maybe it was true (475). Through opinion, comparison, and imagination Munro details the girls journey from a rebellious tomboy to a slowly blooming woman. The characteristics so endearing to the girls developing identity, such as her assistance in Floras escape and her unwillingness comment13 to easily submit to the social constraints of life as a woman, also lend themselves to her universality as a representative to initiation to femininity. M unros own personal views of femininity arguably color this work, Boys and Girls. Works Cited Munro, Alice. Boys and Girls. The Norton Introduction to Literature. Eds. Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. 6th ed. New York Norton, 1995. 465-75.

How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years :: Employment Unemployment Economics Essays

How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed all over The Last 20 YearsThe varied types of UnemploymentThere are some(prenominal) different types of unemployment, these are frictionalunemployment, structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment,classical unemployment, and demand deficient unemployment.Frictional unemployment is unemployment for a short duration of timeas workers fit from maven job to a nonher. Over the pass 20 yearsinformation has improved and people are more(prenominal) aware of the availabilityof better stipendiary job, promotions etc and indeed they may be moving formjob to job more often hence increasing temporary frictionalemployment. morphological unemployment is caused by a lack of capital forgoods and services in the economy or a particular sector. As thestructure of an economy changes, certain workers may abide by themselves do redundant as their skills are no longer required, or that theregion in which they live does not have enough employmentopportuni ties. An type of this is the British ship makeindustry, which has contracted to the extent that workers with skillsappropriate to this industry either cannot aline jobs at all or mustmigrate to find them. Structural unemployment will be affected by thecost and availability of retraining, which would allow people toacquire skills which will be useful to them in woof the vacancieswhich are available. The ease of relocation within the country willalso have an effect on structural unemployment. As the economy movesaccording to the military control cycle, at that place are booms and recessions, andthis is reflected in output and unemployment over the last 20 yearsstructural unemployment has fluctuated accordingly due to the lack ofcapital, with recession in the early 1990s and high structuralunemployment and booms in recent past with low structuralunemployment. The lack of employment at this time is due to the lackof money to devote and expand, and as a result output is greatlyr educed. However, nowadays, unlike the past 20 years, credit is nowavailable much more easily for companies by banks and buildingsocieties so not as more employees are affected by structuralunemployment.Demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of demand. Keynesbelieved that unemployment had more to do with the goods market thanthe labour market. Low demand in the goods market would mean lowoverall output, and therefore low demand for labour, over the last 20years, demand has raised overall hence demand deficient unemploymentwill reduce. During times of recession there is very little output andnot many people are needed in the workforce. This leads to highunemployment levels. This situation arose in the late 1980s and early1990s, when there was a recession.How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years Employment Unemployment Economics EssaysHow the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 YearsThe different types of UnemploymentThere are many diffe rent types of unemployment, these are frictionalunemployment, structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment,classical unemployment, and demand deficient unemployment.Frictional unemployment is unemployment for a short duration of timeas workers move from one job to another. Over the last 20 yearsinformation has improved and people are more aware of the availabilityof better paid job, promotions etc and hence they may be moving formjob to job more often hence increasing temporary frictionalemployment. Structural unemployment is caused by a lack of capital forgoods and services in the economy or a particular sector. As thestructure of an economy changes, certain workers may find themselvesmade redundant as their skills are no longer required, or that theregion in which they live does not have enough employmentopportunities. An example of this is the British ship buildingindustry, which has contracted to the extent that workers with skillsappropriate to this industry either cannot fin d jobs at all or mustmigrate to find them. Structural unemployment will be affected by thecost and availability of retraining, which would allow people toacquire skills which will be useful to them in filling the vacancieswhich are available. The ease of relocation within the country willalso have an effect on structural unemployment. As the economy movesaccording to the business cycle, there are booms and recessions, andthis is reflected in output and unemployment over the last 20 yearsstructural unemployment has fluctuated accordingly due to the lack ofcapital, with recession in the early 1990s and high structuralunemployment and booms in recent past with low structuralunemployment. The lack of employment at this time is due to the lackof money to invest and expand, and as a result output is greatlyreduced. However, nowadays, unlike the past 20 years, credit is nowavailable much more easily for companies through banks and buildingsocieties so not as many employees are affected by structuralunemployment.Demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of demand. Keynesbelieved that unemployment had more to do with the goods market thanthe labour market. Low demand in the goods market would mean lowoverall output, and therefore low demand for labour, over the last 20years, demand has raised overall hence demand deficient unemploymentwill reduce. During times of recession there is very little output andnot many people are needed in the workforce. This leads to highunemployment levels. This situation arose in the late 1980s and early1990s, when there was a recession.

How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years :: Employment Unemployment Economics Essays

How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 historic periodThe different types of UnemploymentThere ar many different types of unemployment, these are frictionalunemployment, structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment,classical unemployment, and demand inadequate unemployment.Frictional unemployment is unemployment for a shortly duration of periodas workers move from one job to another. Over the last 20 yearsinformation has improved and people are to a greater extent aware of the availabilityof better paid job, promotions etc and and then they may be moving formjob to job more often hence change magnitude temporary frictionalemployment. Structural unemployment is caused by a lack of capital forgoods and services in the economy or a particular sector. As the complex body part of an economy changes, certain workers may find themselvesmade redundant as their skills are no longer required, or that theregion in which they get does not have enough employmentopportu nities. An example of this is the British ship buildingindustry, which has contracted to the extent that workers with skillsappropriate to this industry either cannot find jobs at exclusively or mustmigrate to find them. Structural unemployment give be affected by thecost and availability of retraining, which would allow people to hire skills which will be useful to them in filling the vacancieswhich are addressable. The ease of relocation within the country willalso have an effect on structural unemployment. As the economy movesaccording to the business cycle, thither are booms and breaks, andthis is reflected in output and unemployment over the last 20 yearsstructural unemployment has fluctuated consequently due(p) to the lack ofcapital, with recession in the archean 1990s and high structuralunemployment and booms in recent past with low structuralunemployment. The lack of employment at this time is due to the lackof money to invest and expand, and as a result output is gre atlyreduced. However, presentlyadays, unlike the past 20 years, credit is nowavailable much more easily for companies through banks and buildingsocieties so not as many employees are affected by structuralunemployment. hire deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of demand. Keynesbelieved that unemployment had more to do with the goods market thanthe labour market. Low demand in the goods market would mean low boilers suit output, and therefore low demand for labour, over the last 20years, demand has raised overall hence demand deficient unemploymentwill reduce. During times of recession there is very little output andnot many people are needed in the workforce. This leads to highunemployment levels. This situation arose in the late mid-eighties and early1990s, when there was a recession.How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years Employment Unemployment Economics EssaysHow the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 YearsThe different types of Une mploymentThere are many different types of unemployment, these are frictionalunemployment, structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment,classical unemployment, and demand deficient unemployment.Frictional unemployment is unemployment for a short duration of timeas workers move from one job to another. Over the last 20 yearsinformation has improved and people are more aware of the availabilityof better paid job, promotions etc and hence they may be moving formjob to job more often hence increasing temporary frictionalemployment. Structural unemployment is caused by a lack of capital forgoods and services in the economy or a particular sector. As thestructure of an economy changes, certain workers may find themselvesmade redundant as their skills are no longer required, or that theregion in which they live does not have enough employmentopportunities. An example of this is the British ship buildingindustry, which has contracted to the extent that workers with skillsappropriate to th is industry either cannot find jobs at all or mustmigrate to find them. Structural unemployment will be affected by thecost and availability of retraining, which would allow people toacquire skills which will be useful to them in filling the vacancieswhich are available. The ease of relocation within the country willalso have an effect on structural unemployment. As the economy movesaccording to the business cycle, there are booms and recessions, andthis is reflected in output and unemployment over the last 20 yearsstructural unemployment has fluctuated accordingly due to the lack ofcapital, with recession in the early 1990s and high structuralunemployment and booms in recent past with low structuralunemployment. The lack of employment at this time is due to the lackof money to invest and expand, and as a result output is greatlyreduced. However, nowadays, unlike the past 20 years, credit is nowavailable much more easily for companies through banks and buildingsocieties so not as ma ny employees are affected by structuralunemployment.Demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of demand. Keynesbelieved that unemployment had more to do with the goods market thanthe labour market. Low demand in the goods market would mean lowoverall output, and therefore low demand for labour, over the last 20years, demand has raised overall hence demand deficient unemploymentwill reduce. During times of recession there is very little output andnot many people are needed in the workforce. This leads to highunemployment levels. This situation arose in the late 1980s and early1990s, when there was a recession.

Arthur Kornberg: A Nobel Laureate

Arthur Kornberg was born on March 3, 1918 in Brooklyn, New York. He was educated in Abraham Lincoln High School and go on his education at the City College of New York. This was where he first received his scientific training as he graduated with a degree in science in 1937. He received his medical degree in 1941 from the University of Rochester and proceeded with his internship in internal medicine. He then served in the U.S. Public Health returns as a commissioned officer where his first assignment was to be doctor in the Navy, serving as a ships doctor.Fortunately, he was given the opportunity to continue his research work as a scientist at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. He served at the NIH from 1942 to 1953. This is where he decided to direct his research to mainly concentrate with enzymes. Dr. Kornberg received further studies and training in enzymology. In New York University School of Medicine, he trained with prof Severo Ochoa in 1946. A year later , he pursued enzymology with Professor Carl Cori at the Washington University School of Medicine.He later returned to service at the NIH and became the organizer and director of the Institutes Enzyme Section. He later received an offer as the chairman of the Department of Microbiology of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri hypnotism him to resign his position of Medical Director in Bethesda. He later transferred to Standford University School of Medicine in 1959. This is where he organized a Department of Biochemistry and served as the chairman until 1969. After his term, he served as a professor and in 1988 he accepted the title Professor Emeritus (Kornberg 2005, & Kumin 2005).Dr. Kornberg devoted most of his studies single out and purifying enzymes significant in cellular machinery. Until the first half of the 20th century, questions on enzymatic function and their cellular specificity were left unanswered. This became Dr. Kornbergs essential knowl edge domainof interest. In 1941, Beadle and Tatum from Standford demonstrated that through chemical functions, genes control life processes. Immediately after this discovery, Oswald Avery and his team from the Rockefellar Institute asserted that desoxyribonucleic acid drives this process instead of proteins, which was the autochthonic assumption of the scientific community. Later, the famous James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the first detailed model of the desoxyribonucleic acid, demonstrating its structure as the well-known double helix (McCook 2007 and Telegraph.co.uk 2007).The primary subject of Kornbergs research was due to his interest in discovery enzymatic mechanisms and functions. Together with Dr. Severo Ochoa, he discovered the ezyme Polymerase I which is the primary catalyst of DNA synthesis. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1959 for their elucidation of the basic DNA replication mechanisms (Kumin 2007 and McCook 2007).This success of Kornberg in producing a chemically exact and inert genetic material called the DNA is a milestone in the field of biochemistry. It is an important leap towards the understanding of the material that compose the genes. This is important in the issues and questions on inheritance and transmission of traits (Telegraph.co.uk 2007).Kornberg and Ochoa twain specialized on the field of protein biochemistry. But this breakthrough discovery was actually concerned mainly on the field of molecular genetics. His primary technique was to seclude enzymes in a chemists lab and comprehending them biologically. This is a very significant approach in understanding of cellular molecular biology. In 1967, Kornberg successfully synthesized the first active virus within a lab. It was identified as PhiX174, a biologically active virus synthesized by a biochemist (Kumin 2007 and Altman 2007).After his panoptic research on enzymatic synthesis of coenzymes and inorganic pyrophosphate, his interest led him to the study of the bio synthesis of nucleic acids,particularly DNA. He demonstrated the path agencys of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide synthesis, elaborating with the mechanisms and detailed step on the process. Here, he found that there is an intermediate PRPP to the enzyme concerned in the assemblage of building blocks into DNA. It was named as DNA polymerase.This particular enzyme is found in close to all cellular systems that synthesize genetically precise DNA. This is very important in the processes of replication, repair and rearrangements of DNA. Further research identified enzymes responsible for DNA metabolism, allowing the existence and elongation of DNA chains and chromosomes. This paved the way for the discovery of recombinant DNA, a breakthrough technology that ignited the biotechnological revolution (Kornberg, 2005).After decades in the research on DNA replication, he diverted his concentration to studies in inorganic polyphosphate (poly P) in 1991. Poly P is a phosphate polymer that wa s hypothesized to have participated in prebiotic evolution. This polymer is basically found in every bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It has been dismissed as simply a molecular fossil, Kornberg found that there are different functions for poly P including stress responses, motility, and virulence in some pathogens (Kornberg, 2005).Besides conducting research studies, he has other pursuits such as educating graduate, medical and postdoctoral students. He withal authored several monographs such as DNA implication in 1974, DNA Replication in 1980, Supplement to DNA Replication in 1982, and Second Edition of DNA Replication in 1992. He also published a scientific autobiography authorize For the Love of Enzymes The Odyssey of a Biochemist in 1989. Published by Univesity acquirement Books in July 1995, he released his book entitled The Golden Helix Inside Biotech Venutre which provided insights on the biotechnology from an expert (Kornberg, 2005).His academic career included his p residency of the American Society of Biological Chemistry in 1965. He also served as a president on advisory boards and councils of numerous universities, governmental, and industrial research facilities. He founded theDNAX Research Institute of Molecular and cellular Biology that is a division of Schering-Plough, Inc. He also served as a member of its Policy and Scientific informatory Boards. Futhermore, he served on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Maxygen, and the Xoma Corp., and was also a member of the Board of Directors of XOMA Corporation (Kornberg 2005).Contributing further to his excellent curriculum vitae, he has received honors and gained memberships in the National Academy of Sciences, the royal stag Society, American Philosophical Society, and a number of honorary degrees such as the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1959, the National Medal of Science in 1979, the Cosmos Club Award in 1995, and more. Arthur Kornberg died on Mar ch 26, 2007 due to respiratory complications (Kornberg, 2005 and Altman 2007).Undoubtedly, Kornbergs contribution to the biotechnological society is unwavering. His research has paved the way for most of the scientific advances that the world is currently witnessing. His studies have proven indispensable in the understanding of human heredity, cellular mechanisms, and pyrophosphate functions.ReferencesAltman, Lawrence K. (2007). Arthur Kornberg, Biochemist, Dies at 89. New York Times. site determination accessed celestial latitude 12, 2007 from http//www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/science/28kornberg.html?ex=1351224000&en=7d92a32eb1f6fba9&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rssKornberg, Arthur (2005) Autobiography Arthur Kornberg. Nobelprize.org. Site lastaccessed on December 12, 2007 from http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/kornberg-bio.htmlKumin, Jochen (2007). Arthur Kornberg (1918- ). About Biotech. Site last accessed onDecember 12, 2007 from http//www.accessexcellence. org/RC/AB/BC/Arthur_Kornberg.htmlMcCook, Alison (2007). Arthur Kornber Dies. TheScientist.com. Site last accessed onDecember 12, 2007 from http//www.the-scientist.com/news/display/53796/Arthur Kornberg (2007). Telegraph.co.uk. Site last accessed on December 12, 2007 fromhttp//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/10/29/db2901.xml

Flat Panel Tv and the Global Economy

Q2. Flat Panel Televisions and the Global Economy Vizio is a U. S. company founded in 2002 by William Wang, Vizio CEO, with the idea that everyone deserves to give the latest technology. It is a producer of consumer electronics, primarily produces television sets. It grows fast despite a limited number of staff. Now, there atomic number 18 over 160 employees and it clay the first Ameri understructure brand in over a decade to lead in U. S. LCD HDTV sales. This passage has mentioned two main issues, which atomic number 18 related to what I energise learnt in the lecture.They argon globalization of production and the causes for phone linees to break down international. 1) Globalization of production Vizio has achieved globalization of production. Globalization of production means sourcing of goods and go from locations most the world to dish out advantage of national differences in the comprise and quality of factors of production, for example, land, labor, capital, and energy. Vizio sources the components of televisions around the world. It source panel, electronic components, and processors from South Korea, China, and united States respectively.Assembly of TV is in Mexico, sequence final product design, sales, and customer service are in California. The final products are sold in retailers, such as dress circle City or Wal-Mart. Globalization of production makes companies more competitive by improving their quality or volume, and lowering their costs. According to William Wang, Vizio CEO, he can cut his competition because his overhead is low. The company has about 85 employees and they are mainly responsible for technical support or engineering. It outsources manufacturing to Asia because there are low-cost, for-hire factories. 1 Because of reduced cost and high quality TV, it allows Vizio to grapple with it rivals, e. g. Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic more effectively. 2) Reason to become international proactive & reactive There are some in itiatives for Vizio to become international. The proactive reason why Vizio become international because it can generate greater profits by reducing costs of acquiring resources. By souring the television components intercontinental and lower cost in labor and factories in Mexico, Vizio gain advantages to reduce its total cost.From Vizios perspective, greatly reduced production cost cause it subject to offer lower selling price of TV sets to customers. This becomes Vizios competitive advantage and allows it to beat its competitors- Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic. From customers perspective, they are benefited from falling price and improved living monetary standard because they can enjoy high quality flat-panel TV. The reactive reason is because of the competitive pressure in domestic food market. There are many competitors in the United States, for example, Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic.In order to survive, Vizio has to Vizio has to enhance its competitive advantage. Therefore, it source suppliers of the components around the globe, which can offer low cost and high quality products. This makes Vizios TV become competitive and attract many customers to buy its products. Globalization also has its pros and cons. One of the advantage globalization is that competitions can increase the quality of products. Since Vizio now have to compete with rivals from worldwide, it has to provide customers with better flat panel TV than Sony, Samsung and Panasonic.Also, competitions force Vizio to create more innovative products so as to attract more customers to buy its products. Customers are thus benefited under globalization. On the other hand, globalization causes companies to lay off employees in dwelling country. Since many manufacturing work are outsourced to China or Mexico, which can provide low cost labor and factories, employees in home countries are laid off because of their high labor cost or the factories in home country are closed down, causing unemployment. Q3biiAs there is a trend towards globalization, many firms are involved in cross-broader trade and investment. Managing international business becomes non as user-friendly as managing a purely domestic firm. Managers are now facing more difficulties related to globalization. The issues that managers have to grapple with are as follows. 1) Difference in culture The firms are doing business with many other firms or investing in other countries around the world. Since the countries are non the same, there are differences in cultures, political systems, economic systems, legal systems, and levels of economic development.Because of these differences, international businesses need to vary its practices country by country. Take General electric as example, GE invest in China on infrastructure. Since China is a communist society, many businesses are still operated by the government although it has un fixd its market to outsiders to invest in China. Therefore, government is a large cus tomer in China and GE postulate to work closely with the bureaucrats. It is difficult for the outsiders, who are not familiar with Chinese culture, to gain cultural sensitivity.Even if they are exposed to Chinese environment, they still need time to learn Chinese Culture. For example, eastern and westward people are different in expressing their anger. Western gives unhappy face when they are crazy while eastern gives smiling face fifty-fifty they are angry. 2Therefore, when GE do business with Chinese people, businessmen have to be careful with their conversation with bureaucrats because they may not know bureaucrats get angry or unhappy with them. Since eastern people may not adapt to this cultural difference or may not get used to it, they cannot do business successful with the Chinese.Besides, about punctuality, western are punctual while it is common for eastern to arrive a little earlier or late. When GE do business with the bureaucrats, it is better to come a little earl ier. So the government bureaucrats need not wait for too long. Moreover, about confronting a problem, western faces the problem and think about prompt action to deal with the problems while eastern tends to avoid the problems. If eastern managers work in China to manage his subordinates, it is easy for them to have conflicts or argues because of different methods in handling the problems.Eastern managers may force its Chinese subordinates to give prompt action but the subordinates may not get used to it and may feel unhappy or pressure. Therefore, different culture leads to changing management skills and skills doing business. Country managers are often local internationals as they have deep understanding of local language. 2) Which alien market to enter and which to avoid? It is fit for the firm to choose economically and politically stable market to invest or cooperate with. Take General Electric as example.It chooses to invest in China because China is a emerging country. Since it is a exploitation country, it has high demand for infrastructure investments, such as airport and railways to facilitate trade. Without these infrastructures, products imported or exported to and from China become difficult. Globalization is then difficult to take place. Also, China is economically stable. It is the worlds third-largest economy in 2007 and contributes more than 5. 5% of the worlds GDP. 3 Besides, China is politically stable because there are no wars and riots rarely happen.It is not suitable for company to invest in politically unstable market, such as Iran and Iraq, because wars are usually happen. Otherwise, firms will suffer from political risk resulting in expropriation, confiscation, military force and conflict. Since China is politically stable, there is low possibility for GE suffering from political risk 3) Adaptation for global market When companies do business with countries around the world, it is important for them to beware of the difference in cu lture. Differences in culture require companies products to adapt to local environment for business success.There are some factors further adaptation, for a example, differing use conditions, differing buyer behavior forms, government regulatory influences. In the case of GE, GE Health Care makes MRI scanners that cost $1. 5 million, while Chinese research center is designing MRI scanners that only priced $500,000. If GE sold scanners that cost $1. 5 million in China, the sales may not be very good because China may not afford this expensive scanner. Even if Chinese companies can afford $1. 5 million, Chinese citizens, who are not rich enough, cannot afford the fee for using MRI scanners.Therefore, GE should seek ways to lower the cost of MRI scanners to better suit the needs of Chinese. GE Chinese research center can serve this purpose because it can easily gain more information about the consumption pattern of the Chinese and design a equipment that is more likely to gain sales. 4) Mode of entry When a company wants to enter a foreign market, managers need to decide which mode of entry is the best. Exporting, Turkey projects, licensing, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned foreign direct investment are the six mode of entry.The six entry modes have their pros and cons. Besides, the higher the profit potential, the higher is the amount of firms financial commitment, risk and marketing control. Thus, firms have to seriously consider which global market entry strategy to use. GE use foreign direct investment strategy (FDI) to enter Europe, Latin America, and Asia. The pros of FDI are that GE can have total control over its foreign business. When there are strong interdependencies between headquarters and local operations, total coordination achieved through ownership will guarantee acceptable performance.On the other hand, the authorized international environment mat be hostile to full ownership by GE. It has to bear all the risk. Reference 1 Kessler K,Vizios unexpected flat-panel kin, USA right away 2007. 2 Yang L, Differences between Eastern and Western culture, homepage on the Internet, 2008 cited 2011 Feb 7, Available from http//mountainrunner. us/2008/01/differences_between_eastern_an. html 3 Xin H. Hey, hey Look how Chinas growing, homepage on the Internet. 2007 cited 2011 Feb 10. Available from http//www. atimes. com/atimes/China_Business/II20Cb01. html

Intermolecular Forces Essay

Intermolecular world powers exist amid independent particles, such as atoms, ions, or molecules. They can be forces of both attraction or repulsion. The amount of charge, how it is distributed, and the length of time that a charge distribution exists can affect the strength of intermolecular forces. And despite having variable force strengths, all intermolecular forces are considered weak compared to chemical bonds, or intramolecular forces. Chemical bonds are not only stronger they are also more permanent.The postcode costs involved in breaking chemical bonds are much higher than ones needed to overcome intermolecular forces. There are five types of intermolecular forces ion-ion forces, ion- dipole forces, ion-induced dipole/dipole-induced dipole forces, dipole-dipole forces, and London strewing forces. Generally, we expect ion-ion forces to be the strongest, followed by ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, and then London dispersion forces. Of course, many exceptions to this hierarchy of strength exist.In dictate to properly differentiate surrounded by these forces, it is important to know what must be present in order for each moveion to occur. Ion-ion forces only involve ions in mixtures of substances. Ion-ion forces can be every attractive (cation-anion) or repulsive (cation-cation/anion-anion) and the strength varies depending on charge and size. Ion-dipole forces occur in mixtures between ions and polar molecules. The anions gravitate toward irresponsible regions of dipoles while the cations gravitate toward negative regions.With dipoles, the strength of the forces depends upon the polarity of the molecule (or charge magnitude) and how compact the molecule is. If a molecule is more compact, there is better admission fee to the center of charge and stronger attraction to its neighbors. Induced dipoles occur when nonpolar molecules come in the vicinity of polar or charged particles and become polar themselves. As an ion or dipole moves closer to the nonpo lar molecule, a shift occurs in its electrons, throwing off its nonpolar symmetry and making it polar.Depending on what produces this change, it allow have either attractive ion-induced dipole or dipole-induced dipole forces. These may occur in sharp substances or mixtures. Dipole-dipole forces may occur between the polar molecules of a subtle substance, or between two different polar molecules. The positive regions of one dipole will attract the negative regions of an separate and vice versa. The dipoles tend to find in a focal point that increases the number of attractions and reduces the number of repulsions.The strength of the force can vary with polarity the more polar the molecules are, the more strongly they interact with each other. Hydrogen bonding is considered a special case of dipole-dipole interaction. While dipole-dipole forces are generally considered to be fairly weak, henry bonding is unusually strong, particularly in water. This particular type of bonding oc curs when a hydrogen atom is involved in an extremely polar covalent bond, such as H-N, H-O, or H-F, and is attracted to the lone pair of a highly electronegative atom (either F, N, or O) on a separate molecule.These may also occur in pure substances. The weakest of the intermolecular forces are the London dispersion forces. These forces occur between atoms or molecules of nonpolar substances and are present in both pure substances and mixtures. A way to predict the types of intermolecular forces present is by looking at the chemical formula, specifically whether the interacting species are polar or nonpolar. Ion-dipole forces occur between ions and polar molecules. Dipole-dipole forces (including hydrogen bonding) only occur between polar molecules.Induced dipoles occur between polar and nonpolar molecules. If there were only nonpolar molecules, they would be London dispersion forces (but keep in mind that these forces also exist in every other kind of interaction). In the case of ion-ion forces, polarity does not matter in identifying forces, as it only involves ions and would be fairly obvious. Knowing what we do about intermolecular forces and their relative strengths, we can make a few assumptions about which forces would be present in different phases under standard conditions.Being that solids are the most difficult to break apart, we would assume that the strongest intermolecular forces (ion-ion, hydrogen bonding) would be frame within them. Liquids have a greater ability to flow be grounds the intermolecular forces are weaker than in the solid phase, so we would assume that these would involve ion-dipole and induced dipole forces. We would also assume that the weakest intermolecular forces correspond to the gas phase, meaning dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces.Intermolecular forces influence physical properties of each phase gas, liquid, and solid. They can cause real gases to deviate from ideal gas behavior. They can also govern the motion o f molecules molecules in gases move constantly and randomly, they slide past each other freely in liquids, and vibrate in fixed positions in solids. The heats required to melt a solid (heat of fusion) and to vaporize a liquid (heat of vaporization) change depending on the strengths of the intermolecular forces. In liquids, water will form beads upon contact with waxed surfaces (e. . car hoods) because of the imbalance of how intermolecular forces act upon surface molecules and the symmetrical distribution of forces experienced by interior molecules.So, the stronger the intermolecular forces, the larger the surface tension. Capillary action is another example of the effect of the imbalance of intermolecular forces. If the intermolecular interactions between the particles of a liquid and a solid are stronger than the intermolecular forces acting between the liquids own particles, the liquid near the walls of the solid will rise.Other properties of liquids that can be affected by inter molecular forces are boiling point and critical temperature and pressure. In quartz glassline solids, the stronger the forces are, the more rigid the crystal is. This is because the stronger intermolecular forces in the solid fix the particles in place. Overall, understanding intermolecular forces is essential to understand gas, liquid, and solid phases, as well as the phase changes between them.

The Crisis Of Underperformance Education Essay

Education is considered as the most valuable official document for human edifice ( Barineka Nbina, 2010 ) . Education nationally is recognized as the great investing in the state that shadow convey civilisation, development and socio-economic cash advance. The twenty-first century is characterized by promotion in scientific battleground and engineering ( Okebukola, 1996 ) . In his survey Barineka Nbina ( 2010 ) point out that every state is endeavoring to accomplish scientific and technological discovery with their environment. Therefore, the instruction of scientific discipline and engineering is going more demand and activity oriented than earlier . Existing research suggest that Information and Communication Technology ICT has been integrated into capable instruction ( Hennessy et al, Granger et Al, Jamieson-Proctor et Al ) . The hapless monetary standard of scientific discipline in unessential drills nationally remains as a major issue. Badr ( 2010 ) reference that 70 per cent of 10,000 substitute(prenominal) school pupils that were surveyed in Egypt said that uninspiring demanding discourage so to prosecute farther instruction in scientific discipline water tendency. Teachers involve to comprehend ICT as chiefly a tool for learning and larning across the course of study although there atomic number 18 foundations accomplishments in ICT that pupils need to larn before they can take part to the full in an ICT-rich schoolroom. ( Tin, 2002 ) . ICT is an indispensable facet of everyone s day-to-day life with about every sector recommending for the usage of ICT to carry by means of its undertakings. The bing research survey shows that the usage of ICT as a back uping tool in instruction is a precedence for about all states but advancement has been uneven. There is significant difference adulthood within and between schools within the state in footings of ICT. A really low per centum of schools have embedded ICT into the course of study, and sh ow high degrees of successful and appropriate ICT usage to back up learning across the state. Reyn hoarys e.tel ( 2003 ) in his findings revealed that several instructors reveal that ICT has surely raised criterion and foundation of work, while many of the instructors from most schools still see ICT as uneffective and clip cachexia. Reynolds e.tal ( 2003 ) further reveals that these findings reveal that the flack of learning differs from school to school.3. look for Problem and Aims ( Required words 150 and authentic words 209 )Problem statementThe crisis of underperformance of our instruction and preparation system remains a major issue. The criterions of public presentation in our instruction system ar really low. Although in 2010 the base on balls rate increased by 6.8 % to 67.5 % . , but there is still a absorb with hapless public presentation in Science. Science larning requires skilled and specialist instructors who provide quality inputs in the schoolroom. Barineka Nbin a ( 2010 ) found that every state is endeavoring to accomplish scientific and technological discovery with their environment. Therefore, the instruction of scientific discipline and engineering is going more demand and activity oriented than earlier. Badr ( 2010 ) reference that 70 per cent of 10,000 secondhand school pupils that were surveyed in Egypt said that uninspiring learning deter them to prosecute farther instruction in the scientific discipline. Possibly the hapless public presentation in Science is due to miss of instructor s resources.PurposeThe purpose of this research is to look into the current resources use by instructors to learn, the effects that modifys those resources and to reveal the academic competences and ICT acceptance in instruction of scientific discipline in secondary schools by jut outing an e-teaching intercession tool. This will give the consequences to enable those who would make good in the programme to be eligible for entry into a sheepskin pro gramme in third instruction.4. Literature Review ( Required words 1000 and Actual words 1195 )Theoretical modelThis research will be grounded on Technological credence speculative account ( TAM ) model and Task-technology tantrum ( TTF ) theoretical account. TAM stool specifies that the causal relationships between system design characteristics, perceived usefulness the grade to which a individual believes that utilizing a peculiar system would heighten his or her moving in public presentation ( Davis, 1989 ) , perceived easiness of usage the grade to which a individual believes that utilizing a peculiar system would be free from attempt ( Davis, 1989 ) , position toward utilizing, and existent use behavior ( Davis, 1989 ) . TAM provides the overall enlightening representation of the mechanisms by which design picks influence user credence, and should hence be helpful in applied contexts for prediction and measuring user credence of information engineering . TTF theory hol ds the theory that engineering will merely be utilise if its capablenesss atomic number 18 fiting to the demands of the undertaking to be performed and it s more likely to hold a positive refer ( Goodhue and Thompson, 1995 ) . Technology that does non offer sufficient advantage it will non be used.The ground of uniting these two theoretical accounts is because it captures two different facets of user s picks to use information and communicating engineering. Dishaw et Al ( 2002 ) indicate that Both facets, status toward the IT ( TAM ) and rationally determined expected effects from utilizing the IT ( TTF ) , are likely to impact user s picks to utilize IT. TAM will be used to look into on the factors that affect ICT tools acceptance by instructors for learning scientific discipline. TTF will be used to analyze the impact of ICT tools that are presently in stock(predicate) to help instructors.Use of ICT in ClassroomsAl-Zaidiyeen et Al ( 2010 ) conducted a research in Teachers Attitudes and Levels of Technology Use in Classrooms their findings revealed that the degree of ICT usage by rural secondary schools instructors is low, this implies that ICT are barely of all time used for educational intents by instructors in rural secondary schools. Teachers are more likely to integrate ICT usage in their schoolroom if they see its relevancy to their direction and are convinced that the design of instruction package is compatible with educational ends and the single acquisition demands of pupils. ( Al-Zaidiyeen et Al, 2010 )Use of ICT as mean(a) for learning scientific disciplineYucel et Al ( 2010 ) in a survey of Models to research Turkish instructors ICT incorporate phases and the factors that affect ICT integrating indicate that a batch of ICT integrating to instruction has failed because instructors were unsure about how ICT could be integrated into the course of study. Yucel ( 2010 ) indicate that in order for instructors to be able to utilize ICT the y should be equipped with the prerequisite accomplishments and cognition. Flick and bell argues that although ICT is a buzzing word in this century but still few instructors really do non understand how engineering is used in scientific discipline, nor can they adequately describe the relationship between scientific discipline and engineering. Flick and Bell ( 2000 ) indicate that If the intent of engineering in scientific discipline instruction is to heighten scientific discipline instruction and larning instead ( than for the engineering s sake entirely ) , a different attack is necessary . Flick and Bell ( 2000 ) further provinces that instructors should look at engineering as a manner of assisting pupils explore subjects in more deepness and in more synergistic ways. Bell and Flick reached these consequences by garnering thoughts from cognition of research, K-12 learning experience, and learning experience in scientific discipline instructor instruction with engineering.Tea chers association and Attitudes towards ICT usageYucel et Al ( 2010 ) consequences revealed that there is no relationship between instructor s negative attitude and instructors cognition on ICT. Yecul et Al ( 2010 ) reached these consequences by transporting out coefficient of correlation analysis between dependant and independent variables. Yucel et Al ( 2010 ) further indicate that attempt seeking to better instructors attitudes is non likely to hold a direct impact unless their feeling of ego adequateness is improved . Yecul et Al ( 2010 ) consequences contradict with Al-Zaidiyeen et Al ( 2010 ) consequences. Researchers globally believe that the usage of ICT tools for educational intents depends upon the attitudes of instructors toward the engineering ( Summers, 1990 Al-Zaidiyeen et Al, 2010 ) . Al-Zaidiyeen et Al ( 2010 ) reached the consequences by pass judgment indiscriminately selected 650 instructors in Jordan, in the usage of ICT, and the degree of attitude of ins tructors towards the usage of ICT.ICT Adoption betterment intercessionsTrainingAdeyinka et Al ( 2007 ) in the survey of an appraisal of secondary school instructor s utilizations of ICT deduction for farther development of ICT s usage in Nigerian secondary schools suggests that in order for instructors to be technological progress, they need to go to ICT workshops.5. Research Methodology ( Required words 200 and Actual words 612 )This research will consist of 3 order s, each stage will lend in better shaping this survey. This survey will use instance survey and a descriptive study method to allow the research worker a graphic description of how secondary school instructors are doing usage of ICTs.Phase 1 To analyze the current instruction intercession tools that are utilized in secondary schools for instructors to better Teach scientific disciplineA instance survey will be used in which an interview with KwaZulu natal secondary schools scientific discipline instructors will be con ducted to analyze current methods of ICT s that are utilized as support tool for them to learn scientific discipline better. Lone instructors from class 10,11and 12 will be interviewed. The interview inquiries will consist of both open-ended inquiries and close-ended inquiries. Examples of inquiries to be asked such as 1. Which ICTs tool do instructors hold entree on? 2. What is the adequacy degree of the assorted facets of ICT availability/ entree in your school?Datas collected from these interviews will be used to better derive insight on the current ICT tools of learning scientific discipline that are used in secondary schools. This information will assist for theoretical coverage on current toolsPhase 2 To look into the factors that are impacting the use of those toolsA descriptive study method will be used, whereby class 10, 11 and 12 scientific discipline instructors will be handed a questionnaire in KwaZulu natal secondary schools to analyze the factors that are impacting the use of instructors back uping tool to learn scientific discipline better. The research variables for this stage are instructors demographics, instructors perceptual experience about the sensed easiness of utilizing ICT, Teachers perceived utility of ICT, instructor s old ages of experience, teacher s cognition all these are independent variables, the dependant variable will be, Perceived usage of ICT by instructors to better Teach scientific disciplineAll points in collected information from the questionnaire will be subjected to a factor analysis spontaneously. A varimax rotary motion will be used to pull out factors. Likert type grading will besides be applied across all points. Stepwise arrested development techniques will be employed to explicate discrepancy the factors that are impacting the use of ICT scientific discipline instruction tools. Descriptive and illative statistics will besides be employed.Phase 3 To plan and prove an e-teaching intercession tool for helping inst ructors to learn scientific discipline betterOn the completion of the first two stages, the factors will be known. An appropriate intercession e-teaching tool will be designed and experimented with the purpose of measuring the effectivity it has on the instruction of scientific discipline in secondary schools. The experiment will affect five instructors from class 10 to 12 who will be selected from rural and urban schools in KwaZulu natal state of South Africa.

New media Essay

untested-fashioned media has veered the direction we receive and produce content. New media such as the internet is making it easier for people to get their opinions across which creates content and solelyows a two-way dialogue. New media and technologies such fond media profitss change the way a person perceives the world. In the past decades, old style media was the only form of media used to receive content and sharing content was not as easy like it is nowadays. Internet can be easily accessed, with the transformation process still continuing it is now easy for the public to create and transfer content which form discussions. Habermas conception of the public sphere (Scannell 2000).Habermas defined the idea of the public sphere as a accessible space in which all participants spoke as equals, made rational arguments, felt free to question authority and traditional political assumptions. New media is broadcasted though digital media and online sites such as Facebook and th e internet. Content is touchd and created through social media by uploading or publishing content such as images, videos and text. New media allows individuals to receive and share content. The rapid festering of computer science leads to the emergence of brand- immature type media which is transforming the world and the way how people perceive the world. Interactivity which distinguishes new media from their traditional counterparts endows them with capability to transform the mode of communication. base on the powerful computer science and technologies, new media quickly engulf the whole world. Rather than evolving from traditional media and extending to new fields traditional media fail to reach, new media are completely another tool with alone different structure and mechanism against which they function. They make it possible to construct a three-dimension world resembling only what military personnel beings actually live and give people a realistic feeling after stepping i n. This capacity leads to a new mode of cultural representation, simulation. The implications are more(prenominal) than just to imitate and reveal true, but excessively include creating truthcreating a reality that cannot exist in the actual world.The interactivity closely associated with new media enables them the transform the conventional communication mode as well. The unidirectional information flow in traditional media changes into the two-way dialogue, then into group discussion. Virtual communities and social networks take shape. There, communication participants are no longer persons in conventional sense, but reduce into roles. A single person can have non-homogeneous roles to present in different spaces created by new media. An example of the two way dialogue is the BUST THE BUDGET on the sbs site and through social media such as twitter people who attended the rally were able to connect and present their opinions to sbs.Online social networking communities are tran sforming the way we are experiencing television/network channel content. Social media connects people from local to global. Online communities talk everything that excites, entertains, energies or anything that creates an emotional bonding with certain kind of stuff. Social sites like Twitter and Facebook are the platforms where communities share information, ideas and insights.To conclude, media quickly to engulf the whole world. Rather than evolving from traditional media and extending to new fields traditional media fail to reach, new media are completely another tool with totally different structure and mechanism against which they function. They make it possible to construct a three-dimension world resembling exactly what human beings actually live and give people a realistic feeling after stepping in. This capacity leads to a new mode of cultural representation, simulation. The implications are more than just to imitate and reveal true, but also include creating truth creating a reality that cannot exist in the actual world.The interactivity closely associated with new media enables them the transform the conventional communication mode as well. The one-way information flow in traditional media changes into the two-way dialogue, then into group discussion. Virtual communities and social networks take shape. There, communication participants are no longer persons in conventional sense, but reduce into roles. A single person can have various roles to present in different spaces created by new media. Cultural representation andcommunication are no longer what they used to be in face of the powerful engine. This is what new in New Media exactly means transformations.ReferenceMedia and Modernity A Social Theory of the Media John B. Thompson 2014. Media and Modernity A Social Theory of the Media John B. Thompson The Structural Transformation of the humanity Sphere J.Habermas 2014. http//www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/07/06/anti-budget-rallies-held-arou nd-country-0 Meikle, Graham & Young, Sherman (2012) Ch 3 From Broadcast to Social Media in Media Flew, Terry (2008) Approaches to new media from New media Van Dyke, N., Soule, S. A., & Taylor, V. A. (2005). The targets of social movements Beyond a focus on the state. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, 25, 27-51. Howley, K. (2007). Community media and the public sphere. Media studies Key issues and debates, 342-360. Scannell, P. (Ed.). (1991). Broadcast talk (Vol. 5). Sage.http//www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-06/storify-bust-the-budget-protests/5575378

Ecosystems at Risk

The negative spirit and rate of change that is occurring within the Great prohibition Reef(GBR) is biggishly collect to human induced activity. Coral reefs atomic number 18 under attack(predicate) to the slightest of human impacts and the frequency in which we ar doing so has dramatic ally increased over the years, increasing it to a global scale. Climate change along with pollution, overfishing and tourism are come uponing the assailcapable ecosystems existence. Climate change is affecting the globe at an increasing intensity.The Great Barrier Reef is experiencing umpteen changes that it is unable to change to such as a rise in the average peeing temperature. The unnatural change physiologically stresses the corals and upset the critical balance that maintains their symbiotic relationship with algae that inhibits it. When this process occurs the corals bear their colour becoming bleached, the recognized biological effects reduce the calcification rates, weakening the sk eletons and eventually eroding coral communities.Polar ice caps are also melting due to global climate change, having unspoilt impacts on the nature and life span of coral reefs. As the levels slowly rise, fresh water inlets will be pollute with salt water affecting the biodiversity of terrestrial vegetation in these fragile environments. Humans impact the GBR is through numerous paths of pollution, all of which can cause serious damage. Although not directly, deforestation has many long-term impacts, as well as sedimentation, fertilizers and pesticides, runoff and plastic build up. 2% of the orbits coral reefs are threatened by land-based pollution both chemical and nutrient based e. g. fertilizers, herbicides, human derived sewage and pesticides. 80% of the GBRs close land is farmland that supports coarse production. The chemicals used to maintain the farmland pose long term damage to the ecosystem due to their laid-back levels of phosphorus and nitrates. This runoff affect occurs when the farmer uses too much(prenominal) of the product to maintain his land, or it is lost to ground water.Sediments that flow out from rivers with large amounts of eroded material carry with it many of the pollutants stated previously from farms that cast the reef at risk. Tourism is vital to help people recognize and promote the value of protecting the Great Barrier Reef, but at the comparable time has certain elements involved with it, that are slowly taking toll on the environment, which will if not looked at closer, or eliminated all together abrogate it for generations to come.Tourism is listed a s a major management issue to the GBR, because of the large amount of tourists and its value to the economy. The impacts range from low to high priority, and often trigger large infrastructure developments on islans and coastal communities, leading to further problems involving runoff and other pollutants mentioned earlier. Also associated with tourism, is the souvenir, o rnamental and aquarium trade that staidly affects the livelihood of the GBR.People taking headquarters a small piece of the reef cause significantly widespread damage to the ecosystem and its biodiversity. For the Great Barrier Reef to be enjoyed for generations to come, protections laws need to be set, mute and most of all abided by. The nature and rate of change is fast increasing the decline of one of Australias most handsome ecosystems that should be enjoyed without disturbances. The fragile ecosystem is able to adapt to natural fluctuations and subtle changes in the ecosystem, but human activity is fast destroying it.Ecosystems at RiskThe negative nature and rate of change that is occurring within the Great Barrier Reef(GBR) is largely due to human induced activity. Coral reefs are vulnerable to the slightest of human impacts and the frequency in which we are doing so has dramatically increased over the years, increasing it to a global scale. Climate change along with pollu tion, overfishing and tourism are affecting the vulnerable ecosystems existence. Climate change is affecting the globe at an increasing intensity.The Great Barrier Reef is experiencing many changes that it is unable to adapt to such as a rise in the average water temperature. The unnatural change physiologically stresses the corals and upset the critical balance that maintains their symbiotic relationship with algae that inhibits it. When this process occurs the corals lose their colour becoming bleached, the recognized biological effects reduce the calcification rates, weakening the skeletons and eventually eroding coral communities.Polar ice caps are also melting due to global climate change, having serious impacts on the nature and life span of coral reefs. As the levels slowly rise, fresh water inlets will be contaminated with salt water affecting the biodiversity of terrestrial vegetation in these fragile environments. Humans impact the GBR is through numerous paths of pollutio n, all of which can cause serious damage. Although not directly, deforestation has many long-term impacts, as well as sedimentation, fertilizers and pesticides, runoff and plastic build up. 2% of the worlds coral reefs are threatened by land-based pollution both chemical and nutrient based e. g. fertilizers, herbicides, human derived sewage and pesticides. 80% of the GBRs adjacent land is farmland that supports agricultural production. The chemicals used to maintain the farmland pose long term damage to the ecosystem due to their high levels of phosphorus and nitrates. This runoff affect occurs when the farmer uses too much of the product to maintain his land, or it is lost to ground water.Sediments that flow out from rivers with large amounts of eroded material carry with it many of the pollutants stated previously from farms that border the reef at risk. Tourism is vital to help people recognize and promote the value of protecting the Great Barrier Reef, but at the same time has c ertain elements involved with it, that are slowly taking toll on the environment, which will if not looked at closer, or eliminated all together destroy it for generations to come.Tourism is listed a s a major management issue to the GBR, because of the large amount of tourists and its value to the economy. The impacts range from low to high priority, and often trigger large infrastructure developments on islans and coastal communities, leading to further problems involving runoff and other pollutants mentioned earlier. Also associated with tourism, is the souvenir, ornamental and aquarium trade that severely affects the livelihood of the GBR.People taking home a small piece of the reef cause significantly widespread damage to the ecosystem and its biodiversity. For the Great Barrier Reef to be enjoyed for generations to come, protections laws need to be set, understood and most of all abided by. The nature and rate of change is fast increasing the decline of one of Australias most beautiful ecosystems that should be enjoyed without disturbances. The fragile ecosystem is able to adapt to natural fluctuations and subtle changes in the ecosystem, but human activity is fast destroying it.

Primary Colors

3/7/13 Film Review Primary Colors The dash I reviewed for this assignment was Primary Colors the film is very closely related to nib Clintons 1992 presidential campaign. The film stars John Travolta who plays a charismatic southern governor by the name of knucklebones Stanton. Jack is trying to win the Democratic Partys nomination for President of the United States. Henry Burton, an idealist is impressed by Jacks cordiallyth and worryability with the mess so he joins Jacks team as a political adviser. This is an example of material covered in tattle Jack Stantons jumpy was very influential so they recruited Burton.After participating in an intense debate against his democratic rivals, Henrys ex-girlfriend asks Jack a question about his previous arrest during the 1968 democratic convention in Chicago. Jacks team of political advisors be shape ups worried that his blemished past could come into play and effect his chances to win. The team hires Jacks hoary friend Libby Holden and basically keep her on retainer. The presidential advisors hired her in anticipation to womanizing allegations that competency surface since Jack was notorious for that.Libby Holdens job is to respond to attacks that can negatively affect Jacks candidacy. One of the women Jack was having an affair with produces mystic taped conversations of the pair to prove that the affair took place. After predominateing out that the tapes have been altered, Libby finds the man responsible for the tapes. Libby forces him at gunpoint to sign a letter admitting what he did so the public can see. The campaign team is shocked when Big Willie, Jacks old friend tells Burton that his 16 year old daughter is pregnant and Jack is the father.They convince Big Willie to keep quiet on the issue. Jacks team decides to take a different get down to the campaign since they argon falling behind in the polls. Jack attacks his rival, Senator Lawrence Harris for being pro-Israel and also for wanting to cut Med icare. During a radio debate, Harris confronts Jack but has a heart attack. Harris later announces that he will be withdrawing from the presidential race. Fred picker, a former governor of Florida and friend of Harris takes his place. Jacks political advisors see Picker as a potential threat so they dig up nformation about his past. Henry and Libby discover that Picker had a cocaine addiction as Governor of Florida and it ultimately lead to the end of his first marriage. Henry and Libby also find out that Picker had a homosexual affair. They share their findings with Jack and his married woman Susan not expecting them to use the potentially harmful information. Jack and Susan decide to leak the information to the press and Libby in turn threatens to tell about the affairs and endanger the real results of the paternity test that says his is the father of the 16 year girls baby.Libby is an emotional wreck and cant believe what kind of people the Stantons really are. Libby cant bear the fact that she has idealized them her whole life and they are not at all what she thought, she commits suicide. Filled with iniquity after Libbys death, Jack goes to Picker and presents all of the information and apologizes for everything. Picker willingly admits to his past and withdraws from the campaign. After everything, Henry is not happy being part of Jacks team and is thinking about withdrawing from the campaign.Jack convinces Henry to stay and says they will make history together if he stays. Jack ultimately wins the choice and becomes president of the United States. The class lecture reinforces what took place in this part of the film. Political advisors/consultants first seek out political candidates to work for just like in this particular film. When Henry tried to quit the campaign after realizing what type of person Jack really was, the Political Candidate was the one who asked for help.Political candidates are seeking out political advisors/consultants because the y can improve their chances of winning an election. This film is a fairly accurate portrayal of presidential candidate Bill Clinton in 1992. Clinton is essentially played by the Southern Governor Jack Stanton. Primary Colors provides an interesting insight on the scandals of Bill Clintons presidency. I find it interesting that these political candidates are fighting to be the leader of the nation and they use foul language and engage in questionable ethical behavior.Jack Stantons character who is running for president is a womanizer and resorts to Nixon style tactics. Jack believes that if the ends justify the means then it is okay. I cant imagine a sequel to this movie for two reasons the first one is the fact that the film is over 20 years old, and the second reason is the fact that neither Hillary nor Bill are in the public eye as much and Hillary Clinton did not win the presidential election. In my opinion, manipulation is the most important theme in this film the political cons ultants manipulate the presidential campaign in favor of Jack Stanton.Since the film is closely centered on the 1992 Clinton campaign, I find it to be an accurate portrayal of campaign communication. A sense of charisma may be projected in a candidates image, most oftentimes through the communication of campaign discourse. Chapter four in our book states A charismatic candidate may also be one who conveys a warm and friendly image, who seems genuine and personable, one who is comfortable speaking and who has the capacity t speak from his or her heart. This definition fits Jack Stantons character to a tee. He seemed warm and genuine and he was extremely likeable.

International Law †Definition Essay

in that respect turn out been many attempts at codifying the fairnesss g all everyplacening transnational activities. An foreign fair play essenti aloney governs transnational activities, or activities that have international implications, between deuce main(a) nations or entities by common rules, standards and conditions.The concept of legitimately binding agreements with an international scope was number one introduced by Jeremy Bentham in the last quarter of the 18th ampere-second (ILC, 2009). Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who first coined the idea of an international justice that would regulate all important activities or aspects of international activities kindred commerce, justice, high sea activity, illegal acts, sovereignty, self defense and crime (Britannica, 2009). International law is inherently different from other laws as it primarily addresses the concerns of nations and non private citizens. It can legally be categorised into three differen t legal disciplines1. unrestricted international law accords with common law issues between sovereign postulates and international organizations. Legal areas that are covered under the eye socket of Public international law entangle international crime, high sea issues and humanitarian laws.2. Private international law excessively called as contradict of laws, addresses the issue of private relations across national borders and decides on the jurisdiction of the law. It has its roots in all the conventions, model laws, sovereign laws, legal guides, and all other documents and related instruments that govern such international relationships (ASIL, 2009).3. supranational law also called the law of supranational organizations, governs regional agreements between two international entities and distinguishingly nullifies laws of the respective nations in a situation of run afoul with their sovereign laws.Public International justnessPublic international law relates to the form a nd conduct of individual states and various(a) organizations across the globe. Over a breaker point of time, there has been an change magnitude international activity and globalization has further enabled internationalization of issues. These issues, whether, economic, geo-political, environmental, criminal or else, find their right holding under the ambit of Public international law.Public international law mainly has two beginninges that that deal with international issues. jus gentium or Law of nations was initially utilise by the Roman empire when they dealt with foreigners. Law of nations is a common law among nations that deals with issues like peace and war, extraditions, national boundaries and international diplomatic exchanges (Wiki, 2009). The other offset printing of Public international law, known as Jus inter gentes, also finds its roots in the Roman law system. This branch mainly deals with international treaties, conventions and other agreements between sover eign nations and international organizations.Public international law is also used to address sovereignty issues of nations, their boundary issues and jurisdictions. They also identify the legal responsibilities of a state, their jurisdiction of a territory and other territorial issues. This may lead to a situation of conflict between the international law itself and the sovereign state.Private International LawPrivate international law as exposit earlier addresses the issues between two private international entities. This branch of law regulates all the lawsuits that involve an transgress foreign in nature and ones that may result in different interpretations and judgments depending on the jurisdiction of the emergence (Collier, 2001). Private international law, in a situation of conflict between two international entities, restores if the proposed forum has any jurisdiction at all over the conflict situation. It then analyses and decides on the ability of competing state la ws in dealing with the dispute. This branch of international law is also responsible for follow outment of the law.The term conflict of Laws primarily refers to the disparities between laws and reflects this disparity irrespective of the fact whether the legal system is international or inter-state. The term conflict of laws is used by countries with common law system whereas the term Private international law is used more appropriately in cases where civil law countries are involved. The term that was initially used by and American lawyer and Judge Joseph Story for a common gamut of international laws, was discarded later by the common law researchers but was adopted by civil law lawyers (Collier, 2009).Since Private international law deals with international territorial disputes and also decides on legal jurisdictions of nation states, it is generally not easy to enforce decisions. There are two different lines of legal thinking that that try to define this law. One called unive rsalism is a stream of thinking where the researchers believe that this branch of law is a part of international law and applies in uniformity and is legally binding to all the nation states. The other group of researchers claims it to be particularism, according to which distributively state has its own unique norms of private international laws and pursues them in line with its policies.There are two major areas of functioning for Private international law. Sensu stricto or narrow sense comprises of these score of rules and guidelines that actually determine the applicability of law of a nation in relation to the dispute. Sensu lato, also called as broader sense, comprises of a set of legal guidelines that has a direct bearing on material norms crossing the borders of a state (Collier, 2009). This branch of Private international law normally deals with global issues like international insurance, realty and financial disputes.It was in 1834 that Joseph Storys treatise on the conf lict of laws introduced the contemporary field of conflicts to the system of international law. His work had a great influence on the further legal research done on English laws and therefore became the heart of Private international laws for most of the commonwealth countries.Sources of International lawInternational law has evolved over a period of time and has its roots in the Middle Eastern and European accounting. It was Muhammad al-shaybani who first introduced the Law of the Nations at the end of the 8th century. These were the early legal treaties that explored applications of Islamic ethical code of conduct, and Islamic economic and military jurisprudence in relation to international law. take down though these treaties were in their nascent arcdegree as per todays complexity of issues, they still covered a number of areas under the ambit of international law, including treaties involving diplomats and diplomatic issues, issues of war, hostages and prisoners of war, and also women, children and civilian protection issues, especially during conflicts (wiki, 2009).The first ever treaties discovered in European history were written by a philosopher, theologist and jurist, Francisco de Vitoria, a staunch Roman Catholic, in late 16th century. Most of these legal opinions by the researchers were greatly influenced by the Islamic International laws that were the hardly legal International law treaties that took shape in the previous few centuries. Another legal student Hugo Grotius in the early 17th century further researched on the international treaties governing international laws and was impute for his legal endeavors (Wiki, 2009).The concept of sovereignty further evolved from the 17th century to the early 20th century in Europe. It was in Munster, in 1648, Germany that the first such instance of any treaty governing the concept of international law called Peace of Westphalia took shape. This is when nationalism took precedence and people started identifying themselves with a certain nation-state. It was in the linked States that history saw for the first time a modern instrument of international law take shape. Lieber polity was passed in 1863 by the Congress of the United States to govern actions of US forces involved with the civil war (Wiki, 2009). This was the first ever written law detailing guidelines and rules of war that were adhered to by all the civilized nations.The sources of International law are various resource materials and the processes that have shaped it over a period of time. Most of these processes or the building blocks of rules were greatly influenced by the politics in general and the legal theories by the researchers or philosophers. The decisions taken by the judges and the writings by the jurists are considered the auxiliary sources for the development of the international law. The international treaties between nation states and organizations, and the customs are also considered international laws of equivalent legitimacy (Wiki, 2009). As per the International homage of Justice, Customs are considered a primary source for International law, along with general principles of law and various treaties.International law and CustomsCustomary law is already acknowledged by the International homage of Justice by a decree in Article 38(1) (b), and is also incorporated in United Nations charter by Article 92 (Villiger, 1985). Customary laws are applied by international agencies in addressing the issues related to international disputes where the application of customs is considered an equivalent to the general practice accepted a part of International law applicable to the dispute. As a thumb rule, as and when a practice becomes a custom, it is applicable to all the member states of the international community. These states are bound by these customary principles whether or not they have consented for it, unless they opposed it from the start.Customs have long been a primary s ource for International law. Even though codification of customary laws took place in 1899 and 1907 in the Hague and Geneva conventions, some customs that were codified, like the laws of the war, had long been the part of international customs. The new codification of customary civil laws developed over a period of time since the middle ages. The customary expressions of law that were repetitive and were widely accepted inwardly a particular community were written into laws by the local jurists. An example of such law would be custom of Paris that regulated the community within Parisian region (Villiger, 1985).The term customary law as a part of International law, also refers to the legal norms that were developed over a period of time and with customary exchanges between two independent states either through diplomacy or with wars. though customary laws are not considered as superior as other laws written by statute or treaties in the International law system and are loosing their influence, they still are considered and recognized as building blocks for the ever evolving international laws and given great thought in most of the scholarly whole shebang by jurists. We may find examples of strong customary laws across the globe, like the Canadian aboriginal law, that have a constitutional backing and thus have an increasing influence over deciding factors (Villager, 1985).

A Reading of My Papa’s Waltz Essay

Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz come up tos of how a daughter is able to see past the defects of her father with such adoring mollify and respect. The poem is playful and innocent, the choice of words child-like, and the rhyme measured at a pace of a childs anxious breathing. Yet a sense of caution rings true throughout, re declare from the very first lines down to the end of the poem. There is the unmistakable obedient but anxious antepast in the part of the child upon seeing his father coming home drunk again.Also, perhaps because of the system of her waltz with her father the speaker has committed the lucubrate to memory. Waltz as a metaphor for march in the poetry tallies with the words rompa boisterous frolic dizzy, slid, step, scraped, beat, time and cling to the clothe among others (Roethke). Literally, waltz is dancing to fast music. The steps are non measured, oftentimes wild but shut up remains rhythmic and moves to a tune.It is danced with both partners holding to each other for dear lifeso to speak, lest one should be thrown off from the repetitive twirls. As it were, at first haveing, the poem may admit of several interpretations, yet by giving color to every word that sense which go forth result from all of the parts taken together, along with death, battered, hard, dirt, whiskey and so on, there is enough that throw out be gathered to support the conclusion that the waltz as used in the poem, means the corrupt of a daughter by a drunk father (Roethke).However, although the work may be generally read as a re-telling of an incident where a father beats his daughter, the way that Roethke plays with the words and resource makes the work open to several readings Ones that may not necessarily lean towards violence and abuse. It is easy to read the work with a different view altogether. Nevertheless, the freedom of interpretation is granted solely to the reader overdue to the multiple meanings that the words and imagery, used in the p oetry, convey.At any rate, the use of waltz to describe the beat out was a clever touch in that it subtly shows the issue girls abject upkeep to a point where harsh and hostile words, from an otherwise meek and mild tone, would only lessen the claim that the beating is regular and harsh. The message is clear that because of the frequency and extent of violence, the young girl is rendered unable to speak ill of the father in this poem but instead is beaten to absolute dread and abhorrence to which only forced obedience is her only weapon.Thus, it would seem that they have danced the waltz before and nothing that in the end happens in the poem is something new or is happening for the first time. The speakers recollection of the details is remarkable underscoring the fact that what happened is still fresh in her memory or so etched in her mind so deeply that missing out a fact is impossible. There is the possibility of repetition felt at the end since the speaker makes it a point to show that this shall not be the end timewhilst she clung (desperately) to her dads shirt.She knows that it she will have to waltz with her papa soon enough that she prostrates herself at the end of that violent episode, hoping against all hope that there shall no longer be any in the future (Roethske). In the same vein, the poem is addressed to the father, waxing poetry with a meek letter of demand for the beating to stop. The over-all tone and style is apologetic and wishful in manner and in part. It is a technique used to show the attempt of the girl to appeal to the fathers emotions without so more than as being violent in the treatment if only not to anger her father in the process.Moreover, the use of the word waltz as an ironic imagery reveals the mental age of the speaker. Consequently, these are hints of the young girls age since her tenderness and impressionability as a child coincides with the average year that a girl normally dreams of becoming a princess who waltze s with her prince. Instead, in this instance, it is the young girl and her fatherwho reeks with alcohol with the crammed kitchen spot as their dance floor, the cluttering of falling pans as the resounding applause and a helpless mother, whose countenance could not unfrown itself (Roethke), looking on.

Analysis of the Article: “The New Psychology of Leadership” Essay

Analysis of the Article The New Psychology of Leadership Scientific American Mind Journal, August 2007 The article by Stephen D. Reicher tells us about how the definition of Leaders has been changed over time, and how it change to suit todays lodge (Reicher, Platow and Haslam). It tells about how this effective loss leadership contradicted the conventional nonion of what a leader should be, how a leader should act. It gave the September 11 barrage fire, where President George W. Bush has stepped up to give us a clear definition of what todays leaders ar like. Bush was merely an example, and that thither are other aspects that would give a meaning to the leaders of today, redefining the belief that it only takes willingness and vitrine to change by reversal a successful leader. The early point that was stressed, and that was manifested by President Bush during the 9/11 bombing was that leaders have been remodeled by the society today. It is not only willingness and character t hat the people need. Todays leaders should also be able to act or be like them, be bingle with the people. Through that, there will be unity and with a unified following, the leader can whence mobilize these people to achieve the changes, as for the time of the bombing, was the call for America to act as unity against terrorism. In the article, there are several changes that have been shown when it comes to a characteristic that a leader should possess. The first of these changes was about charisma, evolving to a consensus. The notion about how leaders should possess charisma in order to bump off success have been slowly shadowed by the fact that charismatic leaders are not effective leaders if they wont be able to get something going. It was then replaced by how well a leader adapts to his situation, and how he is able to lead people, which defines him as a leader. He should not be delimitate as how many people he can convince, instead he should be defined by how many people h e was able to mobilize and bring out changes with his leadership. Another defining character that an effective leader should possess is to be able to blend in with the crowd, the very people he is leading and supervising. He should be one of the gang, and not to be seen as the high-and-mighty sovereign normal of the land. This is to gain the confidence and the respect of the people. If he is able to be seen as someone like them or someone who understands them, then the leader would definitely have their trusts and be able to mobilize these people toward the goals and objectives of the leaders which are also for the peoples interests. The leader should also be fair with his constituents or to those who are in lower positions from them. This is to maintain the trust and the positive outlook from these people, for them to think that these leaders are not taking advantage of their position, or that these leaders do not deserve their position at all. It is through with(predicate) their followers that the leader will be able to determine what to do, which is usually dependent on how the pigeonholing thinks. Fairness can be observed by effective leaders in resolving problems mingled with members, wherein there should be no favoritism shown. The leader should also be able to verbalize their leadership, cosmos able to wield words and deliver them correctly to the people. This is one way of strengthening his command and create the respect of his followers, so that they can be effectively mobilized by the leaders. This article is a useful character reference of information on how a person can be an effective leader. This also updates us of how the society today defines an effective leader. This is because an effective leader doesnt have a constant or concrete definition, of what should possess to become an effective leader. It still lies on his constituents, in his followers, that would define him on how a leader should be. This is because a leader is also a serva nt, and that is why a leader also has to be of gain to others, which are the general public.Reicher, Stephen D., Michael J. Platow, and S. Alexander Haslam. The New Psychology of Leadership. 2007. Scientific American Mind. August 9 2007. .