'What Were the Short-Term Significances\r'

'What were the short-run deductions of the Crimean contend of 1854-1856 in basis of alien indemnity? The Crimean War was a momentous exit in the amendment of foreign insurance. Sev successionl short-term logical implications stemmed from the struggle shaping Britain’s global position, alongside initiating a cutting belligerent policy direct by Palmerston[1] and creating the ‘world violence’ ideology. Faults in the the nominates mismanagement, and the failure of Aberdeen’s administration led to the realization of the subscribe to for clear.Depicted as having caused the phalanx to â€Å" sort much in those cardinal years than in the previous both hundred,”[2] it is clear that the Crimea influenced a series of short-term conditional relations in the successive twenty years. The change from Aberdeen’s[3] diplomaticalal governance to Palmerston’s aggressive ministry resulted from growing patriotism in the Crimea. Ab erdeen’s cautious attitude to struggleds state of war was foreground and became increasingly unpopular as it â€Å"lacked Palmerston’s ‘manly vigour”. [4] Aberdeen distaste for war was accent when he wrote to foray[5] â€Å"war in drift to preserve placidity is all told inapplic adapted to… the Great Powers”. 6] His involvement in the Napoleonic Wars[7] influenced this attitude as he was less naive to war conditions than others. Sourced from a letter between Aberdeen and disrobe, he was argue his anti-war stance. His flavour that peace was non achieved in this way was prolonged by the carnal knowledge System which had held peace without war for 30years. Peel’s attitude differed, believing in â€Å"Bellum para, pacem habebis”, [8] †that peace was obtained done war preparation. Peel comp atomic number 18d how equipped France[9] was making Aberdeen seem unprepared.Moreover, Aberdeen was blessed for issues raised in Russell’s[10] war reports frequently(prenominal) as the phalanx mismanagement and unhealthful conditions[11]. This negative unrestrictedity influenced washbowl Roebuck[12] to wonder into the management of war. Public opinion contrasted Aberdeen’s approach which John Lowe depict as a â€Å"conciliatory disposition to the floor of whimpishness. ”[13] Instead, they support Palmerston’s â€Å"zealous defense force of British interests. ” Palmerston, unlike Aberdeen did non piddle the support Queen capital of Seychelles[14], and and then gained support through co-operation with the overt.Stuart confirmed his popularity saying, â€Å"Wherever I go… integrity opinion has been marked in a single sacred scripture â€Palmerston. ”[15] Said in the throes of war, it was a current, probable description and world a politician, Stuart was able to gauge ordinary opinion on Palmerston so was competent to crap judgements. besi des reliability is affected as Stuart was belike to show support towards the popular government at that time, in this case, Palmerston. The Crimean had highlighted flaws in Aberdeen’s hesitant delicacy and brought the significance of a spick-and-span con front endational approach.Under Palmerston’s governance, Britain was presented with a haleer image than it ever had been under Aberdeen. ‘Gunboat discreetness’[16] allowed him to create the illusion that Britain was the world government agency. evince of his aggressive ‘gunboat diplomacy’ was the Indian riot [17] in which he forcefully check mutinies to insure British world power was not threatened. Palmerston’s illusion was further back up when the diplomatic situation in europium was shaken by the collapse of the congress of Vienna;[18] a consequence of the Crimean war.For British foreign policy, this was vastly fundamental because the prohibition of Russian influence[19 ] in the region referable to the Treaty of genus Paris[20] allowed Britain to temporarily go bad the governing power on the continent, projecting their power and reinforcing Palmerston’s illusion. Media became a new phenomenon in the Crimea and Russell’s account effectively caused many alterations to foreign policy. As the first on-the-spot reporter, he exposed the true conditions of war to a naive country[21].Although, many aspects of foreign policy were in need of much change, the war reporting brought them to light, pushing them to evanesce quicker. A sketch from the unique discip distinguish of ‘Punch magazine’ highlights the lack of supplies the British military faced. Dialogue between ii soldiers says; â€Å"Well Jack! Good newsworthiness from home, we’re to have a palm”, â€Å"That’s very kind. Maybe one of these days we’ll have a cake to stick it on”. [22] Being a national magazine, Punch wanted to r avish the attention of readers and does so by sarcastically highlighting the problems in the Crimea.The fact that it calls the soldiers, â€Å" persevering heroes” suggests they are not placing blame on military officers for the lack of supplies but they are rather mocking the Government instead. The limit point however is that the motive was to sell as many copies of ‘Punch’ as possible, indeed dramatisation on elements occurred. The multiplication newspaper publisher exploited the ugly conditions in de select to shock the public gaining publicity. Russell reported, â€Å" in that respect is not the least attention paid to decency or cleanliness. [23] On one hand, Russell had a first-hand notice of the war and gained excess to information that was inaccessible to others and written at the time of war it viable and current. But there is logical argument as to how truthful these reports were. Prince Albert, who took an interest in foreign policy, said tha t â€Å"the pen and sign of one miserable scribbler is despoiling the country. ” cogent evidence of this ‘despoil’ was the collapse of Aberdeen’s government who were exposed as weak through the media. By reporting such in-depth lucub set up about the military, Russell took the risk of revealing information about the military that could be reusable to the foe.Russell’s agenda was to sell newspapers and make himself as advantageously-kn throw(a) as possible, and reporting the negative conditions of war was much to a greater extent likely to cause a public uproar that any positive news, and so it is not unlikely that he emphasised his reports in order to gain to a greater extent publicity. The high restore of war reporting is discussed by Chamberlain; â€Å"there was no censorship (no country make this slip ones mind in any future),”[24] thus proving the high impact and influence the media had back home and in the government. The role of women had huge significances in the Crimea, socially, aesculapianly and in foreign policy.Florence nightingale[25] imprinted her name passim history through her determination to reform the British military health- wangle. When nightingale along with 38 other nurses[26] arrived at Scutari [27] they were met by â€Å"patients grimed with dirt, [and] infested with vermin. ”[28] The account of her personal experience validates the painful conditions. However, written towards the end of war nightingale may have over-emphasised the severity of these conditions so that people saw her as the recoverer and driving force behind the improvements.nightingale do a considerable difference to the military conditions, producing ‘Coxcombes’[29] as a way of displaying her improvements. statistically they showed that in the first 4 months of fighting 1,619 soldiers died of wounds against 16,273 whom died of disease, but under her service, the death rate reduced from 42% to 2%. Her lock at Scutari became highly recognised and health check reports from the time described it as â€Å" passing valuable. ” [30] However, there is a limit as to how truthful her coxcombs were as it has been suggested that she dramatised the improvements in order to promote herself.Being a female of the Victoria era meant that people thought she would not be capable of making a significant difference in war as it was not the job of a woman. Therefore Nightingale would have mat the need to frame up emphasis on her rub down to get noticed. Part of the crusade in which Nightingale became so well-known was due to her connection with war same †Russell. The two figure outed together to benefit their own agendas; Nightingale gained publicity for her work and Russell benefitted from sell Nightingale’s stories in newspapers crosswise the country.Mary Seacole was another influential woman of the Crimea, who possibly had a more than modest agenda. Seacole stepped in front determined to offer her services afterward Russell made his passionate plea [31] a stripg for â€Å"devoted women… willing to go onwards to minister to the sick and suffering soldiers of the eastbound in the hospitals of Scutari? ” Yet Nightingale refused to work alongside Seacole due to her ethnicity, as her â€Å" note flowed beneath a somewhat duskier skin than theirs. [32] Taken from Seacole’s biography print the year after the Crimea, it showed the bitterness towards Nightingale and was written to illustrate to people the diagonal she faced. Seacole funded her own trip to the Crimea, setting up a memory board on the front line to cover the expenses. [33] Iveson argued that Seacole played a more significant role in the Crimea than Nightingale; â€Å"In many slipway she stands head and shoulders above Nightingale, for whereas Florence performed only an administrative role, Seacole was in the thick of things and did not falter to g o to the battlefield itself. [34] This weighs up the work of both nurses and concludes that Seacole was in fact the more important of the two, despite Nightingale being more recognised. He praises her self-funding and determination to put herself on the battlefield. Overall, both Seacole’s and Nightingale’s role in the Crimea resulted in significant improvements to the nursing profession, which from that point on began to gain respect and importance. In terms of foreign policy, it brought a new era of nursing into the military. More medical care was developed including the first hospital train.It was throw in that strong medical release corps would result in a stronger, more effective army so British foreign policy learned from this mistake in future features. Military reforms similarly developed as a significance of the Crimea. Army organisation had become superannuated and remained much the same since the Napoleonic wars. Soldiers were naive and inexperienced. The incompetence of the military was highlighted at its peak in the ‘Charge of the aerial aggroup’. [35] Lucan[36] said they were given the command, â€Å"there is your enemy and there are your guns,” showing there was little preparation or strategical plans.However, Lucan said this in the House of Lords whilst he was defending himself in the enquiry and because the reliability of his statement must be questioned. He may have hyperbolize the command in order to take blame off of himself. Nevertheless, the chaos of the event was reinforced by Lord Cardigan who described the true extent of the chaos; â€Å"we were encircle by a blaze of awake…artillery poured upon our rear, so that we had a strong fire upon our front, our flank, and our rear. ”[37] The Charge of Light brigade showed the extent at which the army had become outdated and the desperate need for reform.The Cardwell reforms[38] were influenced as a result of the Crimea. This was sig nificant because thank to both the military and medical reforms it created a stronger British army. Overall, the Crimea War was of huge significance on British foreign policy, generally due to the creation of an attitude of a ‘world power’ and a policy of isolation. The role of the media played the around significant role by highlighting flaws in all aspects of foreign policy and creating a sense of patriotism within the public who then pushed for changes.By highlighting Aberdeen’s diplomatic policy and anti-war attitude, the media brought the collapse of his government. This led to the most significant change †the appointment of Palmerston, who brought the new aggressive ‘gunboat diplomacy’. This changed British mental capacity by making Britain seem more dominant on the continent. Additional round points added to the feeling of a ‘world power’. Without the media, the nation would not have been made aware of the problematic mil itary governing body and poor medical supply.This exposure therefore awakened military reforms and the realisation of the need for a strong medical supply corps. This then subsequently allowed Britain a stronger army giving them a greater witness and standing in the European diplomatic situation. In conclusion, the media explosion was the main significance of the Crimea War and alleviateed secure Britain’s brilliant position in Europe. Word opine 1920 ———————†Word count 431 [1] Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, British prime minister between 1855-1858 and 1859-1865. [2] visualize accessory 1 3] George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen, Prime curate 1852-1855. He favor a foreign policy of diplomacy. [4] credit from historian John Lowe ‘Britain and Foreign personal business 1815-1885’ [5] Sir Robert Peel, British Prime Minister 1841-1846. [6] percolate Appendix 2 [7] Napoleonic wars †1799 â⠂¬ 1815 [8] The belief that you must prepare for war to contain peace. run across Appendix 13 [9] France had fagged 20 million on fortifying Paris ad introduced 350,000 troops. [10] William Howard Russell †the war correspondent for The Times newspaper during the Crimea. 11] Extreme conditions of war were revealed to the public for the first time during the Crimea. Since Aberdeen was Prime Minister at the time he was associated with these poor conditions. [12] John Roebeck was an MP †In Jan 1855 he enquired into situation in Crimea resulting in resignation of Aberdeen. It gained 305 votes in favour against only 148 votes in opposition. Aberdeen saw this as a vote of no confidence [13] See accessory 3 [14] Queen Victoria supported Aberdeen. She asked numerous other politicians to take Aberdeen’s place after his resignation onwards she finally succumbed to Palmerston. 15] See Appendix 4 Word Count 980 [16] Palmerston had the policy of ‘gunboat diplomacyâ₠¬â„¢ in which he dealt with foreign affairs in an aggressive and confrontational manner. [17] Indian mutiny of 1857 [18] The Congress of Vienna in 1815 between Britain, Russia, Austria Prussia and later France, had maintained peace for nearly 30 years. [19] The suppression of Russian power and influence happened after they anomic in the war. Significant because the balance of power had previously been tipped in Russia’s favour. 20] The Treaty of Paris, signed on butt on 30th 1856, largely stopped Russia’s influence in the region as the Black Sea was made electroneutral territory. Russia also lost some of the territory it had held in the west and it’ influence in the Ottoman Empire. [21] Thanks to improving communications, Russell’s reports could be published across the safe and sound country quicker than before. The use of wire got information to Britain within 3 weeks. (with newly built railways and mechanized steam pressers for printing). [22] See addendum 5 [23] See accompaniment 6 24] See appendix 7 [25] A nurse who came to be well known due to her work in the Crimean War. [26] Arrived 4th November 1854 Word Count 1614 [27] Scutari †a hospital in Turkey in which Nightingale nursed British soldiers. [28] Nightingale wrote this on April 17th 1856. [29] Coxcombs were like pie charts. See appendix 8 [30] See appendix 9 [31] See Appendix 10 †His passionate plea to get women to help [32] Quote from Mary Seacole. See appendix 11 [33] Seacole set up a shop on the front line to sell food and cigarettes to soldiers.The money she gained from the shop she then spent on medical treatment for the soldiers. [34] See appendix 12 [35] At the Battle of Balaclava October 1854. bulky miscommunication between Lord Raglan and the soldiers which resulted in chaos. [36] Lucan, deputy General, involved in the Charge of the Light Brigade. [37] Speech from Lord Cardigan later at the Mansion House in capital of the United Kingdom See app endix 13 [38] Cardwell reforms: Edward Cardwell †Secutary of State for War †introduced reforms to improve army.\r\n'