Nucleic acids ar involved in the storage and transfer of inheritable information in all living organisms, including the simplest viruses. There atomic number 18 2 types of nucleic acid in cells, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are so named because DNA was 1st isolated from nuclei, but both DNA and ribonucleic acid also occur in former(a) parts of the cell, e.g. DNA is also appoint in mitochondria and chloroplasts, whilst RNA is also found in the cytoplasm, particularly at the ribosomes.
both DNA and RNA are polymers, the monomeric units being called nucleotides. DNA and RNA are therefore polynucleotides.
There are five divers(prenominal) nitrogen-containing organic bases present in nucleic acids:
adenine (A), guanine (G), one C (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U).
A, T, C and G are found in DNA.
A, U, C and G are found in RNA (uracil replaces thymine here).
The nitrogenous bases belong to two polar chemical families.
Adenine and guanine are purine bases and have a double-ringed complex body part.
Cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimidine bases and have a single-ringed structure
The conspiracy of a sugar and a base forms a flux called a nucleoside. The addition of a phosphate group to this structure forms the nucleotide. Different nucleotides are formed according to the sugar and bases used. Cells ceaselessly produce nucleotides and these form a pool from which nucleotides can be used up as required for manufacturing DNA, RNA or a variety of other substances.
|Distinguish between the future(a) terms: |
|Nucleotide and Polynucleotide |
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